Evaluation of bismuth as internal standard for lead in spectrometric techniques

Abstract

Internal standardization in atomic spectrometric techniques became visible in analytical chemistry since 1929. Internal standardization studies have been published in the literature, more frequently in inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and mass spectrometry, but rarely in atomic absorption spectrometry. The thesis of this project involving internal standardization is the identification of universal internal standards: if studies about selection of internal standards for single and specific applications are relevant in analytical chemistry, then the possibility of finding internal standards for a large spectrum of samples and techniques is also significant. The main goal is the evaluation of Bi of as internal standard to determine Pb in a number of samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively couple plasma optical emission spectrometry, inductively couple plasma mass spectrometry. Also, theoretical aspects associated with main parameters influencing the selection and performance of internal standard will be investigated. The performance of Bi will be evaluated in the determination of Pb in a sort of samples such as natural waters, plant and animal tissues, foodstuffs, beverages, fertilizers, agricultural samples, fuels, cosmetics, food containers and pharmaceuticals. (AU)