Origin and evolution of snakes and their diversification in the Neotropics: a multidisciplinary approach

Abstract

We aim to describe phylogenetic, biogeographic and ecological patterns of snakes while focusing mainly on the Neotropical fauna. Further, we will explore the evolutionary processes involved in the origin of these patterns. We will use a multidisciplinary approach to investigate the evolution of the species throughout a time interval that extends from the Cretaceous to the Recent. The project will synthesize several distinct and complimentary approaches including that will encompass palaeontology, molecular biology, biogeography, comparative ecology, geometrical morphometries, comparative anatomy and embryology. To assess the origin of snakes we will use a total evidence approach (Kluge, 1989) to infer their initial diversification. This will involve a study of key fossils that represent critical groups, such as the Pachyophiidae, Madtsoidae and North American "boo ids" and their affinities with extant groups. This analysis will be extended to the Colubroides, the most speciose group of extant snakes. For this group, we will produce a phylogeny that encompasses most species in the Neotropical irradiation of the Dipsadidae, which represents one of the most speciose lineages within the Colubroides. The phylogenies of the main groups, involving fossils and present forms, and the Colubroides and Neotropical Dipsadidae will provide the historical framework required for ecological and biogeographical studies. Finally, the origin, evolution and biology of snakes provide fascinating, high-profile topics for scientific knowledge and the dissemination of educational material. In terms of educational materials, we will prepare two main products: a series of short films introducing, explaining and exploring the most intriguing features of the evolution and biology of snakes, and books and related material to be used by teachers in primary and secondary schools. (AU)