Green coffee oil extraction by supercritical and pressurized fluid process, and comparison with the composition of coffee oil obtained by pressing for the small producers of the State of São Paulo - concentration analysis of bioactive diterpenes

Abstract

In 2008, Brazil produced approximately 2.8 million tons of coffee, accounting for 34.3% of world production (ABIC, 2010). In the ranking of world trade in dollars, the coffee industry is the second largest following only petrol oil. These data are indicative that the coffee is still a significant agricultural product of commercial importance to Brazil. However, excess world supply beyond demand has reduced its value in the last three decades and this comportment encourages the development of coffee products with higher added value in order to reduce this trend.This research project, with the support of small oil producers of green coffee from Brazil, aims to study the composition of coffee oil obtained by them, emphasizing the phenolic compounds and diterpenes cafestol and kahweol. These components are relevant to the cosmetic and pharmaceuticals industries. The concentration of these and other minor components in coffee oil is that classify its value.Although knowledge on the applicability of green coffee oil products for health, there is no literature on technical/scientific a standardized description of the composition of Brazilian green coffee oil obtained after the processing of grain. There are many works that present the characterization of minor components present in grains, but this composition may not be consistent with the oil obtained by pressing, since the extractions in the laboratory scale have characteristics very different from those applied in processing. Thus, this research aims to demonstrate possible changes in the conventional extraction process and to complement this study with the use of new methods that can serve as subsidies to encourage innovation of rudimentary processes.Besides establishing the composition of Standard Oil of Brazilian green coffee, this project aims to employ new extractions methods and using them to demonstrate that this oil can be enriched. Longer period, we want to encourage technological development by studying the possibility of using these news extraction processes as large-scale.For achieved the proposed objectives, the methods of pressurized fluid extraction (PFE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) will be employed and the composition, obtained by the use of analytical methods of separation (Thin Layer Chromatography-TLC and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry-GC/MS) are the tools used to demonstrate that the use of these processes could enrich the oil of green coffee in the minor components, emphasizing the diterpenes cafestol and kahweol. (AU)