Effects of nicotine on the maternal systemic and intrarenal adaptations during pregnancy in rats

Abstract

Exposure to nicotine causes several changes in renal function, including reduction of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) and increased renal vascular resistance. The tubular transport of ions is also affected by the effect of nicotine. The effects of prenatal exposure to nicotine on fetal development are well known, but few studies are directed to the maternal effects of nicotine during pregnancy, particularly on the kidney, where the nicotine levels are high. Since normal pregnancy is accompanied by a gestational adjustment that includes systemic and intrarenal vasodilation with elevation in RBF (80%) and GFR (50%), we aim to evaluate the possible systemic and renal changes caused by exposure to nicotine during pregnancy.Wistar rats will be divided into six groups: virgin treated with saline or nicotine during 14 or 28 days. 14 days-pregnant rats treated with saline or nicotine during 14 or 28 days. The treatment will be accomplished by subcutaneous implantation of mini pumps with slow release of nicotine during 14 days. It will be evaluate the effects of nicotine on the systemic parameters (blood pressure, heart rate) on renal function (glomerular filtration and renal plasma flow), urinary excretion of water and electrolytes and proteinúria. In the presence of significant changes, we intend to evaluate the possible involvement of tubular transport of water and electrolytes and the role of the vasodilators hormones involved in the intrarenal adaptation to pregnancy, such as relaxin, nitric oxide and prostaglandins (AU)