Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (Brazil-wood): from seed to wood, a model for studies on tropical Brazilian trees

Abstract

This proposal aims to gather knowledge on different aspects of the biology of Caesalpinia echinata Lam. To enlarge information on natural and economical history of this important legume tree native of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, and to propose a multidisciplinary model for future studies on other tropical trees: the main goals of the project are: to establish the original geographical distribution of Caesalpinia echinata throughout the Brazilian territory, as well as the history of its exploitation since the discover of the country; to estimate the pollen diversity and genetic variability in natural and planted populations in the São Paulo State; to study the physiology and carbohydrate biochemistry of the process of maturation, storage and germination of seeds during maturation and storage aiming to increase seed viability and quality; to obtain protocols for propagation in vitro of clones aiming to reproduce genetically certified seedlings; to determine the optimal conditions for germination of seeds and early growth of seeding with emphasis on the effects of light; to develop and experimental model for maintenance of C. echinata plantations aiming the regular production of healthy young and adult trees; to perform anatomical studies of stem and roots of adult plants and to evaluate the effects of environmental factors on the seasonal changes of cambial activity; to understand some biological properties (structure and interaction with insects and fungi) of the wood of C. echinata using anatomical, mechanical, and chemical approaches); to evaluate the sensitivy/resistance of young plants to urban air pollutant aiming the use of C. echinata for ornamental purposes in Brazilian cities. At the end of the project, we intend to create a databank about Caesalpinia echinata, which will certainly join important information for future recovery of distributed portions of the Brazilian vegetation. Also, the project will facilitate the training of human resources for studying disturbed or not disturbed Brazilian Biomes, and the establishment of a multidisciplinary research group specialized on biology and conservation of tropical tree species, as well as on their correct use in benefit of the human population. (AU)