"Assessment of acute and chronic inflammation markers and microbiota composition in brachycephalic dogs of the French bulldog and pug breeds, with and without brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS)"

Abstract

Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) is a well-recognized condition characterized by anatomopathological alterations leading to partial airway obstructions in brachycephalic dog breeds. These alterations cause various clinical manifestations, impacting the overall health of affected animals. Similar to human patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, dogs with BOAS experience intermittent hypoxia, which can trigger systemic inflammation and the generation of free radicals, affecting multiple organ systems and potentially influencing the composition of the commensal microbiota. We propose a prospective study aiming at evaluating the inflammation response in dogs of two brachycephalic breeds (French Bulldog and Pug) across different BOAS severity grades (Grades I, II, and III) and between untreated and treated animals (at 48 hours and 30 days post-surgical intervention). Additionally, we will investigate the taxonomic composition of microorganisms in the nasal cavity, subglottic area, and colon of BOAS-affected and unaffected dogs. Acute inflammation will be assessed by measuring pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1²; IL-6 and TNF-±) and an anti-inflammatory marker (IL-10). Chronic inflammation will be evaluated by quantifying lipid peroxidation markers (MDA), nitrite, superoxide dismutase enzyme, catalase enzyme, and glutathione. Metagenomic analysis will be conducted using 16S rRNA and shotgun sequencing in Grade III BOAS-affected and unaffected dogs (Grade 0). By exploring associations and correlations between BOAS severity, levels of acute and chronic inflammation markers, and taxonomic diversity of microorganisms, we aim to deepen our understanding of the clinical and microbiological changes in BOAS-affected dogs. Findings from this project carrying will provide valuable insights for future research focused on assessing the impact of these clinical and microbiological alterations on the morbidity and mortality of brachycephalic dogs. Ultimately, our results will aid in the development of effective treatment strategies to enhance the quality of life and overall health of these veterinary patients. (AU)