Manufacturing of pressure vessel using composite materials through Filament Winding process

Abstract

It is known and growing the potential of composite materials for engineering solutions. Unique characteristics (lightness, mechanical performance, corrosion resistance, fatigue life) give these materials a prominent place in special applications.The rising price of fuel has boosted alternative fuels for motor vehicles (both in popular and heavy vehicles). This scenario requires the development of the entire production chain related to implementing these propellants in the market. Consequently, the development of pressure vessels for storing gases under high pressure is emerging. The most common and expressive pressure vessel on the market is type I, made of steel. However, its use is limited in terms of admissible gases and pressure levels supported. Therefore, the implementation of composites brings evolution and diversification of pressure vessels for these purposes. In this context, composites' use is noted in all other categories of vessels (types II, III, IV and V).Worldwide, composite pressure vessels have a strong market trend (5.9\% CAGR until 2025). Besides, until 2030 the consumption of carbon fiber for these purposes is expected to exceed the wind market and represent 50\% more of the market volume than the automotive market. In Brazil, it is still a growing market. However, Brazil has great potential for the production of alternative fuels - especially Natural Gas and Biogas. In the case of biogas, it stands out prominently in terms of sustainability. It can be obtained through waste (aiding waste management in agriculture) and has a 90\% reduction in air pollutant emissions than fossil fuels.This project aims to develop a carbon fiber pressure vessel using the Filament Winding process to take advantage of this potential. The growing market for applying this technology is agribusiness, through the use of composite pressure vessels to store natural gas and biogas in heavy vehicles (trucks and tractors). In this first stage, the focus will be on proving the technological viability of this innovation. Thus, it is intended to reach a level 3 on the TRL scale (Technology Readiness Level). For this purpose, simulations will be made using the finite element method (FEM), and a proof-of-concept will be produced. (AU)