Development of bioceramic bone graft associated with bioactive plant extracts for guided bone regeneration

Abstract

Analyzing commercial products for bone grafting, national or imported, currently, it was observed that they have in common the characteristic of being only osteoconductive. Although the available products are biocompatible with the recipient area at the surgical site, it was found that the options are limited to synthetic or animal hydroxyapatite, mainly bovine. According to the literature, quality control is deficient in grafts comparing different materials and batches, regardless of origin, which can directly impact the biological response, with different clinical results. Despite the technology used in obtaining and processing these products, it is clearly observed that commercial materials for bone grafting lack scientific and technological advances with rapid translational application. In order to validate the market research through ethnographic research with dentists, it was observed that one of the greatest "pains" of these professionals is the lack of commercial products that have proven osteoinduction activity. It is known that bone neoformation in the graft applied to the surgical wound is a long process and subject to complications in the postoperative period. The osteoinductive activity so desired by these professionals would accelerate the healing process, minimizing postoperative problems. According to the Brazilian Association of the Medical, Dental, and Hospital Industry (ABIMO), this market moves R$ 1.2 billion annually and has grown by 15% per year, especially as they export to numerous countries. Therefore, it is observed that there is room for the launch of new products, especially for innovative materials. The present project aims to develop a bone graft based on nanocomposites of a synthetic bioceramic with the incorporation of bioactive species from Brazilian biodiversity. These medicinal plants have in common bioactive compounds that can have synergistic actions when associated with bioceramics, presenting angiogenic and osteoinduction activities, thus accelerating bone tissue regeneration. In addition, these plants present compounds with antimicrobial activity, which would act locally in the surgical wound and minimize postoperative problems, which are fundamental for complete bone regeneration. In addition, it would favor even better manipulative and mechanical properties of the graft, since pure bioceramic is friable. In an extensive search for patents for similar products on different bases, it was demonstrated that there were no patents that use the bioactives of selected plants, with sustained release and/or similarity to the product proposed here. It is expected at the end of this project to obtain protection of the intellectual property not only of the final product, but also of the mechanisms related to different technological processes, such as obtaining nanostructured bioceramics as well as their incorporation into the bioactive compounds of plants. In this way, since there are no similar products on the market, it is expected to develop a product with incremental innovation for guided bone regeneration that acts as a bioactive graft through the sustained release of the bioactives of the proposed medicinal plants. The economic-financial impact of the development of this product will be extremely positive, as it adds important claims such as the possibility of large-scale production with low-cost inputs, the incorporation of compounds from plants from Brazilian biodiversity, being sustainable, and especially being bioactive. (AU)