Quality and soil structural recovery in the agroforestry system

Abstract

The models and practices of modern Brazilian agriculture, derived from the "Green Revolution", are still responsible for intense environmental degradation in soil attributes. The techniques adopted alter the soil fertility, promote erosion and compaction, and induce desertification, reducing its recovery capacity. Agroforestry Systems (SAF) are productive systems that may potentiate the sustainability of agricultural production, balancing economic results, social and environmental gains, and the recovery of degraded farm systems. The objective of this study is to evaluate the quality and structural recovery of an Ultisol in areas under different Agroforestry Systems (Agrosilvicultural, Silvipastoral and Agrossilvipastoris Systems), degraded pasture area and natural forest in the municipalities of Canutama, Lábrea and Humaitá in the southern region of Amazonas. The study will be carried out in areas located in the southern region of Amazonas, between 2020 and 2022, with five treatments: (i) SAF1 - agroforestry system; (ii) SAF2 - silvopastoral system; (iii) agrosilvopastoral system; (iv) PA - pasture; and (v) FN - natural forest. Soil samples will be collected at depths of 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20 e 0.20-0.40 m, from the opening of trenches, 10 meters apart, along a predetermined "transect" according to the characteristics and dispositions of each sample area. It will be evaluated: soil physical attributes, chemical attributes, mineralogical characterization, visual evaluation of soil structure (VESS), soil micromorphology, carbon stock and physical and chemical fractionation of organic matter and the composition and diversity of the edaphic macrofauna. The data will be analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistical analysis, discriminant and factor analyzes and by the RANDON FOREST induction method. (AU)