Mediators involved in muscle recovery after long-distance exercise: role of BDKB2R + 9-9 polymorphism and ACE i / d

Abstract

Muscle damage and inflammation are the major causes of muscle fatigue, particularly in long-distance runs. The inflammatory process and the muscular remodeling are crucial for the recovery of athlete's health and athletic performance and depend on external factors such as feeding, training, sleep, as well as heredity. The renin-angiotensin and kallikrein-kinin systems are responsible for modulating the vascular and inflammatory response, so genetic variations in these systems could influence muscle recovery after exercise. A pilot study of 81 marathon runners performed by the group showed a higher percentage of runners with high CK levels (> 500 U / I) in genotype II (69%) compared to DD and ID (approximately 40%) and in genotypes -9- 9 and -9 + 9 (46 and 48%) compared to the genotype + 9 + 9 (31%) after the marathon (process FAPESP 2014 / 21501-1, submitted article Frontiers in Genetics). The objective of the study was to evaluate the role of different genotypes of the angiotensin converting enzyme (DD, ID, II) and bradykinin B2 receptor gene (+ 9 + 9, + 9-9, -9-9) in muscle recovery after long distance exercises and determine the main mediators responsible for muscle recovery after long distance exercise. The study will include 320 male marathoners aged between 25 and 50 in the São Paulo Marathon. We will perform clinical and training anamnesis, physical evaluations, electrocardiogram and ergospirometry before the marathon to characterize the sample. Blood / buccal mucosa collections will be performed 1 day before the marathon, immediately after, 1 and 3 days after the marathon to measure the markers of inflammation, muscle injury, myocardium and growth and genotyping factors of the athletes. The hypothesis of the study is that individuals -9-9 + II have an exacerbated inflammatory response followed by increased muscle damage. It will be of utmost importance to elucidate the molecules involved in this process of muscle damage and regeneration after exercise in order to create strategies in target molecules for the prevention and recovery of the athlete. (AU)