Synthesis and characterization of polymeric nanoparticles of PCL and PLGA with incorporation of curcumin for antibiofilm application

Abstract

The persistent bacterial biofilm on the implant surface and in the root canal system is the most common etiological factor for peri-implantitis and endodontic infections, with the presence of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, and the available antimicrobial treatments seek to reduce the microbial load, eliminate inflammation of the peri-implant mucosa, as well as decontamination of the surface of the implant and root canals. The rehabilitative treatment with dental implants has shown highly satisfactory results, but problems associated with this type of treatment have been increasing, such as peri-implantite. In addition, endodontic infections are also considered polymicrobial and the amount of microorganisms as well as the composition of the microbiota may vary according to the type of infection. Thus, one of the objectives of endodontic treatment is the maximum disinfection of the root canal system, as well as, the prevention of its reinfection. Alternative therapies involving natural products and nanobiotechnology open new perspectives to control and reduce microbial burden. Curcumin is a natural polyphenol extracted from the dried saffron rhizome Curcuma longa Linn and has effective therapeutic properties like anti-inflammatory, chemotherapeutic, anti-oxidant, anti-HIV and antimicrobial being a good candidate for use in nanobiotechnology, besides its effects Curcumin has been evaluated as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy. Polymeric nanoparticles associated with natural products play a promising role in the control of biofilms and can be considered as a new way of preventing and / or treating infections. The objective of the present study is to synthesize and characterize Curcumin-loaded polymer nanoparticles and to evaluate their antimicrobial effect with and without photoactivation in planktonic cultures and biofilms of Streptococcus oralis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Tannerella forsythia in titanium test bodies, and S. oralis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis in dentin specimens, as well as their cytotoxic potential on oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts. (AU)