Sensorimotor recovery following spinal root axotomy: use of different experimental approaches

Abstract

Motor coordination involves specific neural processes ranging from the perception of stimuli to the achievement of the response, being dependent on delicate sensory-motor integration, which is particularly evident in the spinal cord. Spinal root injuries can lead to motor, sensibility and autonomic losses. This type of lesion constitutes a significant medical problem and usually affects the brachial plexus in consequence of high energy trauma. However, due to the possibility of generating further inflammation and neuropathic pain, surgical procedures do not prioritize the repair of the afferent component. In this context, new therapies need to be developed for dorsal root repair. A promising treatment would be the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Nowadays, PRP is used in a wide range of surgical procedures, and there are several scientific studies demonstrating benefits in treating various types of injuries. Also, immunomodulation and the differential expression of MHC I, TLR2 and 4 seem to interfere in the process of synaptic plasticity following injury. Stem cell therapy has also been used to achieve neuroprotection and to stimulate axonal regrowth. In the present study, we will employ different strategies to repair spinal root injury, evaluating the expression of neurotrophic factors and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. We believe that our results will serve as a basis accelerating nerve regeneration and may contribute to the future clinical use of new therapeutic approaches, fulfilling a critical gap in reparative procedures after this type of injury. (AU)